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Hi Dan,
In academic use, "theologian" means that he's had professional training in the field. This is true enough in Fox's case. He earned a Ph.D. in theology at a respected Catholic institution,
the "Institut Catholique" in Paris.
And in 1988, the CDF ordered Fox not to publish any statements for a year, so it's reasonable to say that he was "silenced".
At the time, he was teaching at Holy Names College in Oakland, California.
In 1992, Fox was expelled from the Dominicans for disobedience and he became a minister in the Episcopal Church.
Maybe you are thinking about Church approval because there are two types of Church approval for theology professors, however, they didn't apply to Fox:
- The first type of approval, "canonical mission", is required in institutions that grant ecclesiastical degrees (STB, STL, STD, etc.) Holy Names College was not that type of institution, so this requirement didn't apply.
- The other type, called the "mandatum" granted by the local bishop, is required for all professors in theological disciplines in Catholic colleges. This requirement was defined by Pope John Paul II in 1979, but the USCCB took some years to develop guidelines for a process, and issued them in 2001.
In the 1980s, when Fox was teaching in California, bishops were not enforcing this requirement. Even today, this procedure remains unimplemented in some places.
I hope this helps.
— RC
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